Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Sustained Delivery of a Shingles Subunit Vaccine Overcomes Age-Related Declines in Humoral and Cellular Immunity Relative to Shingrix

doi: 10.64898/2026.03.11.711122

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Anti-gE IgG1 and (b) IgG2c titers at week 4. (b) Ratio of anti-gE IgG2c to IgG1 at week 4. Ratio below 1 indicates more Th2 skewed response. (d) Timepoint of serum collection for circulating cytokine measurement. All serum samples were collected 24 hours after the injection. (e) IL6 concentration of young and aged mice 24 hours after injection at week 0 and 8. One-way ANOVA was used for multiple comparisons, and only p-values below 0.05 are displayed.

Article Snippet: For cytokine ELISA, mouse IL6 serum cytokine ELISA kit was purchased from R&D systems and used following the manufacturer’s guide.

Techniques: Injection, Concentration Assay

Journal: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy : CII

Article Title: Gut microbial metabolite butyrate boosts p53-expressing telomerase-specific oncolytic adenovirus efficacy by enhancing infectivity and activating MHC-I/cGAS-STING

doi: 10.1007/s00262-025-04252-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immune modulation by butyrate A Study protocol. Briefly, in a CT26 subcutaneous tumor model using immunocompetent BALB/c mice, tumors were treated with mock or butyrate (1 mM) orally. sc, subcutaneous. B Tumor volumes of CT26 were monitored until 14 days after treatment initiation (n = 3). *, p < 0.05. C Feces of the ileocecum, blood from the portal vein, and the tumor were harvested from BALB/c mice bearing CT26 subcutaneous tumors 14 days after the initiation of oral butyrate intake (n = 5). Butyrate concentrations in these samples were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. D Paraffin-embedded sections of the ileocecum harvested 14 days after the initiation of oral butyrate intake were immunostained with CD8 and observed by microscopy (n = 3). The number of CD8-positive cells was measured in a randomly selected field in each tumor. Scale bar, 50 μm. *, p < 0.05. E The spleen and the tumor harvested 14 days after the initiation of oral butyrate intake were analyzed by flow cytometry for CD8 (n = 3). **, p < 0.01. F Conditioned media from CT26 cells treated with mock or butyrate (2 mM) for 24 h in vitro were analyzed by a multi-cytokine and chemokine assay (n = 2). Relative concentrations of CXCL10, IFN-γ, CCL5, CXCL9, and TNF-α after butyrate treatment compared to mock treatment are shown. G Conditioned media from CT26 cells treated with mock or butyrate (2 mM) for 48 h in vitro were analyzed by ELISA for CXCL10 (n = 3). **, p < 0.01. H The tumor, ileum, liver, and skin harvested 14 days after the initiation of oral butyrate intake were analyzed by flow cytometry for NLRC5 and MHC-I (n = 3). **, p < 0.01. ns, not significant. MFI, mean fluorescence intensity

Article Snippet: Supernatants secreted from CT26 cells treated with butyrate (0, 2 mM) for 24 h were subjected to multi-cytokine and chemokine assays using a mouse cytokine array kit (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) and ELISA for CXCL10 using Mouse IP-10 ELISA Kit (ab260067, Abcam), according to the manufacturers’ protocols.

Techniques: Gas Chromatography, Mass Spectrometry, Microscopy, Flow Cytometry, In Vitro, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Fluorescence